Citizenship, Social Change, and Education

  • Mitja Sardoč Educational Research Institute, Slovenia
Keywords: citizenship education, social change, education reform, radicalisation, violent extremism

Abstract

In recent decades, discussions regarding citizenship and citizenship education have evolved from a marginal issue in political philosophy and the philosophy of education to one of the most pressing topics in contemporary discussions about the civic aims of public schooling. The place and contribution of citizenship education in public schools have become central points of discussion and debate in terms of theory, research, policy, and practice. Yet, existing conceptions of citizenship education differ considerably over various issues, including the basic motivational impulses associated with the civic aims of public education. In particular, the recent upsurge of phenomena as diverse as hate speech, populism, the shrinking civic space, radicalisation, and violent extremism have shifted the main justificatory impulse from consequentialist to urgency-based arguments. This shift of emphasis has had some unreflected consequences related to the justification for citizenship education in public schools. The central purpose of this article is to expound on the two main impulses associated with the civic aims of public schools and their interrelationship with social changes. The main part contrasts these two opposing motivational impulses associated with the justification of citizenship education. Each of the two impulses is presented and then clarified with an example to shed light on the basic justificatory procedure associated with it. The concluding part of this paper sketches the most distinctive challenges of the alternative conception of justifying citizenship education and its interplay with social change.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Archard, D. (2003). Citizenship education and multiculturalism. In A. Lockyer, B. Crick, & J. Annette (Eds.), Education for democratic citizenship: Issues of theory and practice (pp. 89–102). Ashgate.

Aristotle (1999). The politics and the constitution of Athens. Cambridge University Press.

Arnot, M., & Dillabough, J.-A. (Eds.) (2000). Challenging democracy: International perspectives on gender, education and citizenship. Routledge/Falmer.

Beck, J. (1998). Morality and citizenship in education. Cassell.

Ben-Porath, S. R. (2006). Citizenship under fire: Democratic education in times of conflict. Princeton University Press.

Brighouse, H. (2000). School choice and social justice. Oxford University Press.

Callan, E. (1997). Creating citizens: Political education in a liberal democracy. Oxford University Press.

Callan, E. (2004). Citizenship and education. Annual Review of Political Science, 7, 71–90.

Clayton, M. (2006). Justice and legitimacy in upbringing. Oxford University Press.

Cogan, J., & Derricot, R. (1998). Citizenship for the 21st century. Kogan Page.

Crick, B. (2000). Essays on citizenship. Continuum.

Dagger, R. (1997). Civic virtues: Rights, citizenship and republican liberalism. Oxford University Press.

Deželan, T., SardoÄ, M., & Laker, J. (2020). Safeguarding civic space for young people in Europe. European Youth Forum. https:// www.youthforum.org/safeguarding-civic-space-young-people-europe

Enslin, P. (2003). Citizenship education in post-Apartheid South Africa. Cambridge Journal of Education, 33(1), 73–83.

Feinberg, W. (1998). Common schools/uncommon identities: National unity & cultural difference. Yale University Press.

Floyd, R. (2019). The morality of security: A theory of just securitization. Cambridge University Press.

Galston, W. A. (1991). Liberal purposes: Goods, virtues, and diversity in the liberal state. Cambridge University Press.

Galston, W. A. (2001). Political knowledge, political engagement, and civic education. Annual Review of Political Science, 4, 217–234.

Galston, W. A. (2002). Liberal pluralism: The implications of value pluralism for political theory and practice. Cambridge University Press.

Galston, W. A. (2006). Signs of progress: The debate over civic education: Theory and research in education, 4(3), 329–337.

Galston, W. A. (2018). Anti-pluralism: The populist threat to liberal democracy. New Yale University Press.

Githens-Mazer, J. (2012). The rhetoric and reality: Radicalisation and political discourse. International Political Science Review, 33(5), 556–567.

Gutmann, A. (1995). Civic education and social diversity. Ethics, 105(3), 557–579.

Hahn, C. L. (1998). Becoming political: Comparative perspectives on citizenship education. State University of New York Press.

Haydon, G. (2003). Aims in citizenship education: Responsibility, identity, inclusion. In A. Lockyer, B. Crick, & J. Annette (Eds.), Education for democratic citizenship: Issues of theory and practice (pp. 78–88). Ashgate.

Kiwan, D. (2007). Education for inclusive citizenship. Routledge.

KovaÄić, M., & Horvat, M. (Eds.) (2016). Od podanika do graÄ‘ana: razvoj graÄ‘anske kompetencije mladih. Institut za druÅ¡tvena istraživanja: GONG.

Krek, J. (Ed.) (1996). Bela knjiga o vzgoji in izobraževanju v Republiki Sloveniji [White paper on education of Republic of Slovenia]. Ministrstvo za šolstvo in šport.

Kymlicka, W. (1989). Liberalism, community and culture. Clarendon Press.

Kymlicka, W. (1995). Multicultural citizenship: A liberal theory of minority rights. Oxford University Press.

Levinson, M. (1999). The demands of liberal education. Oxford University Press.

Levy, J. T. (2000). The multiculturalism of fear. Oxford University Press.

Lockyer, A., Crick, B., & Annette, J. (Eds.) (2003). Education for democratic citizenship: Issues of theory and practice. Ashgate.

MacMullen, I. (2007). Faith in schools? Autonomy, citizenship, and religious education in the liberal state. Princeton University Press.

McLaughlin, T. H. (1992). Citizenship, diversity and education: A philosophical perspective, Journal of Moral Education, 21(3), 235–250.

McLaughlin, T. H. (2000). Citizenship education in England: The Crick Report and beyond. Journal of Philosophy of Education, 34(4), 541–570.

McLaughlin, T. H. (2003). The burdens and dilemmas of common schooling. In W. Feinberg & K. McDonough (Eds.), Education and citizenship in liberal-Democratic societies: Teaching for cosmopolitan values and collective identities (pp. 121–156). Oxford University Press.

Macedo, S. J. (1990). Liberal virtues: Citizenship, virtue, and community in liberal constitutionalism. Oxford University Press.

Macedo, S. J. (2000). Diversity and distrust: Civic education in a multicultural democracy. Harvard University Press.

Macedo, S. J. (Ed.) (2005). Democracy at risk: How political choices undermine citizen participation, and what we can do about it. Washington Brookings Institution Press.

Miller, D. (2000). Citizenship and national identity. Polity Press.

Parker, W. C. (2003). Teaching democracy: Unity and diversity in public life. Teachers College Press.

Putnam, R. D. (2000). Bowling alone: The collapse and revival of American community. Simon & Schuster.

Rawls, J. (1993). Political liberalism. Columbia University Press.

Reich, R. (2002). Bridging liberalism and multiculturalism in American education. Chicago University Press.

Rosenblum, N. L. (Ed.) (2000). Obligations of citizenship and demands of faith. Princeton University Press.

Sandel, M. (2020). The tyranny of merit: What’s become of the common good. Penguin Press.

SardoÄ, M. (Ed.) (2010). Toleration, respect and recognition in education. Wiley-Blackwell.

SardoÄ, M. (2012). Citizenship, diversity and education: an egalitarian pluralist approach (Doctoral Thesis). Institute of Education, University of London.

SardoÄ, M., Coady, Coady, C. A. J, Bufacchi, V., Moghaddam, F. M., Cassam, Q., Silva, D., MiÅ¡Äević, N., AndrejÄ, G., Kodelja, Z., Vezjak, B., Peters, M. A., & Tesar, M. (2021). Philosophy of education in a new key: On radicalization and violent extremism. Educational Philosophy and Theory. https://doi.org/10.1080/00131857.2020.1861937

SardoÄ, M. (2021). The ethics of securitisation: An interview with Rita Floyd. Critical Studies on Terrorism, 14(1),139–148. https://doi.org/10.1080/17539153.2021.1886506

Shklar, J. (1989). The liberalism of fear. In N. L. Rosenblum (Ed.), Liberalism and the moral life (pp. 21–38). Harvard University Press.

Spinner-Halev, J. (1994). The boundaries of citizenship: Race, ethnicity, and nationality in the liberal state. The Johns Hopkins University Press.

Starkey, H., & Osler, A. (2005). Changing citizenship: Democracy and inclusion in education. Open University Press.

Å imenc, M., & SardoÄ, M. (2016). Multiple dimensions of citizenship education implementation in Slovenia. In M. KovaÄić & M. Horvat (Eds.), Od podanika do graÄ‘ana: razvoj graÄ‘anske kompetencije mladih (pp. 187–199). Institut za druÅ¡tvena istraživanja: GONG.

Tamir, Y. (Ed.) (1995). Democratic education in a multicultural society. Blackwell.

Taylor, C. (1997). The politics of recognition. In A. Gutmann (Ed.), Multiculturalism: Examining the politics of recognition (pp. 25–74). Princeton University Press.

Tomasi, J. (2001). Liberalism beyond justice: Citizens, society, and the boundaries of political theory. Princeton University Press.

Waldron, J. (2012). The harm in hate speech. Harvard University Press.

White, P. & Enslin, P. (2002). Democratic education. In N. Blake, P. Smeyers, R. Smith, & P. Standish (Eds.), The Blackwell guide to the philosophy of education (pp. 110–125). Blackwell.

Young, I. M. (1990). Justice and the politics of difference. Princeton University Press.

Published
2021-06-23
How to Cite
SardočM. (2021). Citizenship, Social Change, and Education. Center for Educational Policy Studies Journal, 11(2), 97-109. https://doi.org/10.26529/cepsj.1093