Ničelna toleranca proti restorativni pravičnosti v Združenih državah Amerike
Povzetek
Ko se šole po Združenih državah Amerike začnejo odmikati od ostre politike ničelne tolerance, ki je bila značilna za večji del prejšnjih treh desetletij, vznika priložnost, da se spremeni goriščna točka šolske discipline. Njene politike so pogosto osredinjene na kaznovalne pristope, ki delujejo ločevalno, s tem ko jih namesto zadovoljevanja potreb teh učencev šole odtujijo od vrstnikov, učiteljev in od šolskih skupnosti. Cilj izobraževalnega sistema je otrokom in mladostnikom zagotoviti kakovostno izobrazbo, ki jim bo omogočila, da odrastejo v produktivne in participativne člane družbe. Politike ničelne tolerance in šolske discipline so bile oblikovane za zaščito učencev, vendar so se v praksi izkazale za škodljive in imajo neželene posledice. Kazenski disciplinski ukrepi v šolskem okolju prepogosto postavijo učence na pot, ki vodi v kazenskopravni sistem za mladoletnike ali kazensko pravosodje. Čeprav je politika ničelne tolerance zvezna pobuda, se številne države začenjajo zavedati škodljivih vplivov, ki jih ima ta politika na učence, zlasti marginalizirane učence. Posledično države začenjajo sprejemati zakonodajo, ki se odmika od ničelne tolerance in se bolj osredinja na alternative, kot so restorativne prakse. Ta članek raziskuje tovrstna vprašanja in predstavi informacije o politikah, ki jih trenutno uporabljajo zvezne države, in posledicah teh politik za učence pa tudi o neposredni poti od šole do zapora.Prenosi
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