Religijsko izobraževanje kot indoktrinacija z malim ‘i’: kako se evropske države spoprijemajo s sekularnim pristopom k religijskemu izobraževanju
Povzetek
Prispevek kritično oceni področje evropskega religijskega izobraževanja. V njem opozarjamo, da religijsko pojmovanje religije prevladuje v večini modelov, ne le v konfesionalnem religijskem izobraževanju, ampak tudi v integrativnih modelih in celo v t. i. alternativnih predmetih, ki so obvezni za učence, ki se ne udeležujejo konfesionalnega religijskega izobraževanja (verouka). Javne šole v Evropi učencem izjemno redko predstavljajo laično perspektivo o religiji in religijski raznolikosti, ki bi temeljila na neteološkem preučevanju religije. Poleg tega pa je eksplicitno ali implicitno religiozen značaj še zlasti integrativnih pristopov ali obveznih alternativnih predmetov verouku pogosto skrit ali pa je pomen tega minimaliziran. V prispevku s pomočjo analize seperativnega (Nemčija) in integrativnega (Norveška, Anglija) modela religijskega izobraževanja pokažemo, da je skrbno razlikovanje med religioznim in laičnim pristopom k religiji v šolah resno vprašanje človekovih pravic in da so lahko za učence obvezni le predmeti o religijah, ki temeljijo na laičnih pristopih. Prevladujoče religiozno uokvirjanje religije – ki je vedno povezano z izpostavljanjem izjemnega položaja krščanstva med religijami, obravnavanimi v religijskem izobraževanju – v kombinaciji z dejanskim pomanjkanjem laičnih alternativ ustvarja klimo, ki bi jo lahko poimenovali kot indoktrinacija z malim ‘i’. – tj. nevprašljiva diskurzivna hegemonija določenega (krščanskega) pojmovanja religije kot referenčnega okvira za skoraj celotno izobraževanje o religijah, ki se pogosto predstavlja kot nekakšna univerzalna perspektiva, ne pa specifičen religiozen pogled na religijo. Posledice tega so vidne v zelo problematičnih konceptualizacijah religije na splošno in konkretnih posameznih religij, najočitneje pri stereotipiziranju »drugih« religij, ki niso obravnavane tudi z nepristranske laične perspektive. Tako je religija kot šolski predmet v evropskih šolah skoraj popolnoma izvzeta iz siceršnjega laičnega pristopa k izobraževanju, namesto tega pa se spodbuja posebna religiozna perspektiva religije, ki prevladuje celo pri predmetih, ki so namenjeni vsem učencem religijsko heterogenih razredov.
Prenosi
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