Razvoj avtonomnih učnih načrtov in učbenikov v španskem osnovnošolskem izobraževanju – geografska analiza
Povzetek
Evolucija z naravno selekcijo je teorija, ki predstavlja močno paradigmo, sposobno transfera poučevanja – učenja več konceptov v biologiji. Prav od svoje formulacije in vse do danes pa ostaja sporna, kar vpliva tudi na izobraževanje. Medtem ko so na primer nekateri osnovni učni načrti osnovnošolskega izobraževanja (OI) v Evropi urejeni okrog konceptov, za katere se predvideva, da so bistveni za osnovanje znanstvenega modela evolucije (tj. na Švedskem), drugi tega niti približno ne odražajo. Zadnji tak primer za OI prihaja iz Španije. Tam na podlagi takega učnega načrta obstaja 17 različnih učnih načrtov, ki ustrezajo vsaki izmed avtonomnih skupnosti države. Cilj te raziskave je podati podrobno geografsko sliko prisotnosti konceptov, potrebnih za artikulacijo modela evolucije z analizo avtonomnih učnih načrtov Španije. S tem v mislih so bile besede, ki se sklicujejo ne te koncepte (evolucija, dedovanje, izbor, prilagoditev, biodiverziteta itn.), raziskane v sklopu naravoslovnih in družboslovnih znanosti znotraj avtonomnih učnih načrtov osnovno-šolskega izobraževanja. Nadalje, lociranje tovrstnih konceptov je bilo opravljeno tudi z analizami 18 španskih osnovnošolskih učbenikov s področij naravoslovja in družboslovja. V ta namen sta bila upoštevana dva vidika: karakterizacija in znanstvena znanja. Tako avtonomni učni načrt primarnega izobraževanja kot učbeniki vsebujejo bistvene pomanjkljivosti, vrzeli pri obravnavanju evolucije. Besedila vključujejo dejavnosti, ki dajejo prednost osnovnim kognitivnim veščinam pred zahtevnejšimi, povezanimi z znanstveno usposobljenostjo.
Prenosi
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